RISK-ORIENTED DECISION-MAKING MODELS IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

Анотація

Modern global challenges (climate change, resource depletion, biodiversity degradation, social
inequality) require new approaches to economic development. In this context, the green economy
emerges as a model that combines economic growth, social justice and environmental sustainability.
Its implementation is considered a crucial step for the implementation of the UN Sustainable
Development Goals. The purpose of the study is to analyze the conceptual foundations of the green
economy and its connection with the goals of sustainable development, as well as to study global
practices and prospects for further development of the green economy, considering current global
trends. We assume that the implementation of "green" technologies and modernization of the energy
sector will contribute to the coordination of economic growth with environmental and social
priorities. The theoretical basis of the work was the provisions of the theory of sustainable
development and the concept of "green growth", including the provisions of the Agenda 2030 and
"green" strategies of various countries [1].
It has been confirmed that the transition to a green economy is closely related to the reform of
traditional development models. Thus, the need to consider environmental risks was caused by the
crisis of 2008-2009, which laid the foundations of the concept of a "green economy" [2]. In 2015, the
adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals led to the integration of social, economic and
environmental tasks into a single development program. It has been established that the green
economy is becoming a key component of global economic growth in the face of modern
environmental threats. However, this transition faces a number of challenges: in particular, global
environmental risks, the need for radical (and not just gradual) technological changes, "green
capitalism" in the face of uncertain business climate, the role of the state and the optimal combination
of policy instruments, as well as distributive social issues. To solve these problems, it is necessary to
combine technical innovations with adequate political support, and to ensure public and private
financing of investments in "green" projects [2, 3].
Digitalization significantly advances sustainable development by fostering innovation and
"green" technologies through AI, blockchain, and related tools. It enables knowledge exchange, cost
reduction, and environmentally friendly modernization of production, while overcoming spatial and
temporal constraints to enhance resource integration and efficiency, thereby supporting long-term
growth [4]. Digitalization also promotes new resource management approaches, notably circular
economy models, which are crucial for resource-limited countries. However, weaknesses in digital
infrastructure and legal frameworks remain challenges requiring further research and policy
refinement [4]. A core element of the green economy is effective environmental regulation that
balances economic incentives with ecological priorities. Instruments such as carbon taxes, emissions
trading, green procurement, and product labelling, when combined with stricter standards, accelerate
eco-friendly technologies and stimulate enterprise innovation. Their success depends on transparent
governance, financing access, and international coordination, particularly in addressing global
environmental threats and climate goals.
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Energy transition and security are key dimensions of the green economy. Expanding renewable
energy strengthens national independence and reduces emissions [1]. The green economy contributes
to SDGs through resource conservation, renewable energy, and "green" employment [3]. Strategies
differ: developed economies emphasize innovation, efficiency, and circularity, while developing
countries prioritize clean energy access and ecosystem restoration [3]. Success depends on policy,
international cooperation, and financing [3]. Scientific recommendations stress new political and
financial mechanisms, integrating regulation with incentives, and assessing the impact of "green"
investments and digital technologies on productivity and innovation [2, 4].
The energy transition and related security are central to the green economy. Expanding
renewable energy enhances state independence and reduces greenhouse gas emissions [1]. Research
confirms that the green economy supports the SDGs, particularly through resource conservation,
renewable energy development, and the creation of "green" jobs [3]. National practices vary:
developed economies emphasize technological innovation, energy efficiency, and circular models,
while developing countries prioritize clean energy access and ecosystem restoration [3]. The
effectiveness of this transition depends on public policy, international cooperation, and financing of
"green" projects [3]. Scientific recommendations highlight the need for new political and financial
mechanisms, combining environmental regulation with economic incentives, and evaluating the
impact of "green" investments and digital technologies on productivity and innovation [2, 4].